Development and Evaluation of Sealant for Controlling Annular Pressure
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摘要: 针对传统水泥基材料含有固体颗粒，难以挤入并封堵，导致环空带压的水泥环微裂缝问题。以复合树脂为主要成分，通过调节固化引发剂加量控制凝固时间，优选降黏剂提高其流动性和渗透性，研制出一种无固相可室温固化的密封剂，并开展了水泥环-套管系统模拟密封剂封堵实验。由此可知，根据环境温度及固化引发剂不同，密封剂凝结时间可在1.25～20 h内调节；流动性好，黏度低至60 mPa·s；密度可由1.02 g/cm3调至1.25 g/cm3；机械性能良好，24 h抗压强度不小于18 MPa，最高可达53 MPa；水泥环-套管系统模拟密封剂封堵实验表明，密封剂治理环空带压效果良好，干燥环境下候凝24 h后可消除6 MPa以内的环空带压，潮湿环境下候凝24 h后可治理3 MPa以内的环空带压，在多种条件下提高了水泥环-套管环空密封性，可有效治理环空带压问题。Abstract: Solid particles in conventional cement materials are unable to be squeezed into and seal the micro fractures developed in cement sheaths in annular spaces with sustained pressures. To solve this problem, a solids-free sealant that is curable at room temperature was developed, with a composite resin as the main component. In developing the sealant, the solidification time of the cement slurry was controlled by optimizing the amount of a curing initiator, and the mobility and permeability of the cement slurry were enhanced using an optimized thinner. The sealant was tested in laboratory for its performance in sealing the cement sheath-casing system. It was found that at different environment temperatures and different concentrations of the curing initiator, the curing time of the sealant can be adjusted between 1.25 hours and 20 hours. The sealant has good flow property; its viscosity is as low as 60 mPa∙s. The density of the sealant can be raised from 1.02 g/cm3 to 1.25 g/cm3. The sealant has good mechanical properties, its compressive strength in 24 hours is greater than 18 MPa, with maximum compressive strength of 53 MPa. Laboratory experimental results have shown that the sealant can be used to effectively solve the problem of sustained annular pressure. In dry environment, the sustained annular pressure less than or equal to 6 MPa can be eliminated after WOC for 24 hours. In wet environment, the sustained annular pressure less than or equal to 3 MPa can be eliminated after WOC for 24 hours. This sealant can be used to solve the sustained annular pressure problem in different conditions by improving the tightness of the cement sheath in annular spaces.
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表 1 水泥环-套管系统密封剂模拟挤注测试
裂缝直
径/mm模拟气窜
力/MPa密封剂
黏度/mPa·s挤注密封剂
压力/MPa封堵后模拟
气窜压力/MPa环空
流体1.00 ≤0.5 200 2 6.0 空气 1.00 ≤0.5 600 2 6.5 空气 1.00 ≤0.5 1000 2 7.0 空气 0.10 1.0 200 2 6.0 空气 0.10 1.0 600 4 6.5 空气 0.10 1.0 1000 8 6.5 空气 0.06 2.5 200 4 6.5 空气 0.06 2.5 600 8 6.0 空气 0.06 2.5 1000 14 7.0 空气 1.00 ≤0.5 200 2 3.0 水 0.10 1.0 200 4 3.0 水 0.06 2.5 200 4 3.5 水 注：密封剂配方：67%复合树脂+8%GHJ-1+25%SJN-1；密封剂的加量为320 mL，水泥柱的高度为190 mm 
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