A Strongly Adsorptive Hydrophobically Modified Nano SiO2 Plugging Agent
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摘要: 钻井过程中钻遇稳定性较差的地层和承压能力较弱的地层时，经常出现井壁失稳和井下漏失等问题，为此开展了新型纳米封堵剂的研究与评价。合成了强吸附疏水纳米封堵剂，对其粒度分布、吸附性、润湿性和砂床封堵性能进行了测试。测试结果表明，该封堵剂粒度分布在100～150 nm，吸附性强，高温下能够将页岩表面水的润湿接触角增大到80.7°；加量为2.5%时，实验浆的砂床滤失量降低到5.0 mL；对钻井液流变性影响较小，API滤失量从4.4 mL降低到1.0 mL，高温高压滤失量从16.2 mL降低到6.2 mL；加量超过3.0 %时，渗透率降低到2.81 μD；PPA封堵率测试表明，该封堵剂能在陶瓷过滤盘内部形成封堵，钻井液的滤失速率降低到0.45 mL/min1/2，瞬时滤失量降低到2.58 mL。研究表明，强吸附疏水纳米封堵剂能够提高钻井液的封堵能力，降低钻井液对地层的侵入量，对保护井壁稳定有较好的作用。Abstract: Downhole troubles such as borehole instability and mud losses are frequently encountered when drilling formations with poor stability and low pressure bearing capacity. Study and evaluation of new nano plugging agents have recently been performed to solve these problems. Study on these issues gave birth to a strongly adsorptive hydrophobic nano plugging agent. Measurement of the particle size distribution, adsorptive ability and wettability of the plugging agent, as well as plugging capacity test performed on sand-bed have shown that the particle sizes of the plugging agent was distributed in a range of 100-150 nm. The plugging agent has good adsorptive ability; it can increase the contact angle of water on the surfaces of shale to 80.7°. A mud sample treated with 2.5% of the plugging agent had its filtration rate through a sand-bed tester reduced to 5.0 mL. The plugging agent has little, if any, effect on the rheology of the drilling fluid. The API filtration rate of the drilling fluid was reduced by the plugging agent from 4.4 mL to 1.0 mL, and the HTHP filtration rate was reduced from 16.2 mL to 6.2 mL. At concentrations in a mud above 3.0%, the permeability of the mud cakes was reduced to 2.8 μD. PPA plugging efficiency test has shown that the plugging agent can form a plugging layer on a ceramic filter disk, the filtration rate was reduced to 0.45 mL/min1/2, and the spurt loss was reduced to 2.58 mL. The study has demonstrated that the strongly adsorptive hydrophobic nano plugging agent can enhance the plugging capacity of the drilling fluid, reduce the amount of filtrate invasion of the drilling fluid into the formation and effectively help stabilize the borehole wall.
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Key words:
- Drilling fluid /
- Nano plugging agent /
- Strong adsorption /
- Hydrophobic modification /
- Wettability
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表 1 封堵剂XSF-1加量对页岩表面润湿性的影响
XSF-1/% 25 ℃接触角/（°） 120 ℃接触角/（°） 0.5 40.6 37.5 1.0 60.8 54.8 2.0 71.4 70.2 3.0 83.6 79.8 4.0 84.3 80.7 
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表 2 封堵剂XSF-1对钻井液流变性能的影响
XSF-1/% AV/（mPa·s） PV/（mPa·s） YP/Pa Gel/（Pa/Pa） 0 26.0 19.0 7.0 1.0/3.0 0.5 26.5 19.0 7.5 1.0/3.0 1.0 27.0 19.0 8.0 1.5/3.0 2.0 28.5 21.0 7.5 1.5/3.0 3.0 29.5 21.0 8.5 1.5/3.5 4.0 30.5 22.0 8.5 1.5/3.5
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表 3 不同浓度XSF-1钻井液的PPA封堵效果
XSF-1/
%FLHTHP/
mLFLPPA/
mL滤失量降
低率/%0.0 16.2 15.2 6.17 0.5 15.6 14.0 10.26 1.0 14.4 10.4 27.78 2.0 8.8 7.2 18.18 3.0 7.2 6.0 16.67 4.0 6.6 5.6 15.15
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表 4 钻井液PPA滤失速率和瞬时滤失量
XSF-1/% 滤失速率/（mL·min-1/2） 瞬时滤失量/mL 0 1.14 9.28 0.5 1.08 8.06 1.0 0.90 5.60 2.0 0.64 3.63 3.0 0.49 3.16 4.0 0.45 2.58
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