Laboratory Research on Offshore Oil-Based Drill Cuttings Cleaning
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摘要: 使用油基钻井液进行钻井作业时，产生的油基钻屑含有基础油、钻井液处理剂等污染物，若其直接排放，会严重危害环境，也会造成大量油类资源的浪费。为此，使用表面活性剂水洗法处理海上钻井平台产生的油基钻屑，利用人工海水配制清洗液，得到清洗液配方为：0.7 %脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类非离子活性剂AEO-5+0.3%阴离子活性剂SDBS+0.15% Na5P3O10。通过室内清洗实验，探究了钻井液处理剂和钻屑矿物种类对残油率的影响。结果表明，钻井液处理剂会增大油相去除难度；钻屑矿物种类中，高岭石相比于云母石、长石、石英石清洗难度增加。最后确定最佳清洗工艺条件为：搅拌速率为500 r/min，固液比为1 ∶ 4，清洗时间为15 min，清洗温度为25 ℃。清洗结束后，钻屑残油率可降至1%以下，达到海上《海洋石油勘探开发排放限值》油基钻屑排放标准。Abstract: Drilled cuttings from wells drilled with oil based drilling fluids contain base oils and drilling fluid additives. These drilled cuttings, if discharged directly without proper disposal, will not only severely harm the environment, but also cause a huge waste of oils. To avoid this problem, the oily cuttings generated from offshore wells are generally cleaned with surfactant water solution. An oily cuttings cleaning fluid formulated with artificial seawater has this composition: 0.7% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-5 + 0.3% anionic surfactant SDBS + 0.15% Na5P3O10. In laboratory experiment, the oily cuttings were cleaned with this solution and the effects of drilling fluid additives and the minerals of the drilled cuttings on the residue oils on cuttings were investigated. It was found that the presence of drilling fluid additives in the residue oil on cuttings makes the cleaning more difficult. Compared with mica, feldspar and quartz, kaolinite cuttings are more difficult to clean. Based on laboratory experiments, the optimum cuttings cleaning technique was determined as follows: mixing speed = 500 r/min, ratio of solid to liquid = 1:4, cleaning time = 15 min, temperature for the cleaning = 25 ℃. After the cuttings were cleaned, the residue oils on cuttings can be reduced to less than 1%, which satisfies the requirements of the standard “Effluent Limitations for Pollutants from Offshore Petroleum Exploration and Production”.
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表 1 不同地层深度钻屑的矿物组成分析
地层深度/
m矿物
组成化学式 矿物含量/
%1176 石英石 SiO2 45.6 云母石 KAl2[Si3Al10](OH,F)2 28.4 长石 Na(AlSi3O8) 26.0 2487 高岭石 Al2SiO5(OH)4 31.9 石英石 SiO2 29.6 云母石 KAl2[Si3Al10](OH,F)2 24.7 绿泥石 (Mg0.99Al0.01)5(Al0.67Fe0.33)
(Si3.02Al0.98)O10(OH)813.8 
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