氨解改性大豆卵磷脂钻井液润滑剂

孙丙向; 李文博

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.02.006

氨解改性大豆卵磷脂钻井液润滑剂

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.02.006

中石化石油工程技术服务股份有限公司，北京100020

基金项目: 中石化石油工程公司项目“中石化石油工程公司‘十四五’科技发展规划研究”（SG19-19J）、“中石化石油工程公司科研体系与运行机制研究”（SG17-30J）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙丙向，高级工程师，1971 年生，1993 年毕业于石油大学（华东）钻井工程专业，2000 年获南京大学商学院工商管理专业硕士学位，主要从事石油钻井新技术研究与科技管理工作。E-mail： sunbingxiang1971@163.com

中图分类号: TE254.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-23
- 修回日期: 2021-12-28
- 录用日期: 2021-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-23

Ammonolysis Modified Soybean Lecithin as a Drilling Fluid Lubricant

Sinopec Oilfield Services Corporation, Beijing 100020

摘要

摘要: 大豆卵磷脂为双脂肪酸甘油磷脂衍生物，结构中富含磷酸酯基、羟基、氨基等润滑吸附基团，但是其结构中双脂肪酸甘油酯疏水性过强、分散性过低，无法直接作为钻井液润滑剂。将大豆卵磷脂、醇胺、催化剂、矿物油分散剂混合加热反应获得改性磷脂润滑剂，采用红外光谱与核磁共振磷谱分析了醇胺氨解大豆卵磷脂的机理。通过摩擦磨损实验确定了改性磷脂润滑剂的抗磨耐磨能力。对比其他市售润滑剂，分别测试了改性磷脂润滑剂的润滑性能、高温稳定性能、抗盐抗钙性能，最终测试了改性磷脂润滑剂对聚磺钻井液的配伍性能以及润滑提升能力。氨解改性工艺中醇胺的最佳加量为10%～25%，醇胺能够氨解大豆卵磷脂中脂肪酸酯形成脂肪酰胺，从而降低其结构中疏水脂肪链成分，提升其水分散性。氨解所形成的羟基进一步与磷酸酯阴离子发生分子内酯化反应形成五元环状磷酸酯，掩蔽磷酸酯阴离子。所形成的改性磷脂润滑剂具有优异的润滑性能、高温稳定性能、抗盐抗钙性能以及钻井液配伍性能，具有潜在钻井液润滑应用前景。
- 大豆卵磷脂 /
- 氨解改性 /
- 磷酸酯 /
- 润滑剂 /
- 钻井液
Abstract: Soybean lecithin is a derivative of difatty acid glycerophospholipid, whose molecular structure is rich in lubricant adsorption groups, such as phosphate group, hydroxyl and amino group. The difatty acid glyceride in the molecule of the difatty acid glycerophospholipid has very strong hydrophobicity and very low dispersity, makes it difficult to act as a drilling fluid lubricant. By heating the mixture of soybean lecithin, alcohol amine, catalyst and mineral oil dispersant, these chemicals react to produce a modified phospholipid lubricant. The working mechanisms of the ammonolysis (by alcohol amine) modified soybean lecithin was studied with IR and PNMR. The ammonolysis modified soybean lecithin lubricant was tested to determine their performance as a drilling fluid. In the test, the lubricity, high temperature stability, salt and calcium resistance of the new lubricant were compared with those of the other commercially available lubricants. The new lubricant was also tested for its compatibility with the polymer sulfonate drilling fluid and its ability to improve the lubricity of the drilling fluid. The optimum amount of alcohol amine used in the ammonolysis process was determined to be 10%-25%. The alcohol amine can be used to ammonolyze the fatty acid ester in the soybean lecithin to form fatty amide, thereby reducing the content of hydrophobic fatty chain in the soybean lecithin and enhancing its water dispersity. The hydroxyl formed during the ammonolysis can react with the ionic phosphate to form pentacyclic phosphate through lactonization reaction, and the ionic phosphate is thus masked. The modified soybean lecithin lubricant developed has excellent lubricating capacity, good high-temperature resistance, good salt- and calcium-resistance, as well as good compatibility with many water based drilling fluids, making it a potential high performance drilling fluid lubricant.
- Soybean lecithin /
- Ammonolysis modification /
- Phosphate /
- Lubricant /
- Drilling fluid

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图 1 大豆卵磷脂通式结构

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图 2 氨解改性前后大豆卵磷酯红外光谱图

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图 3 氨解前后大豆卵磷脂红外光谱峰变化图

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图 4 氨解改性前后大豆卵磷脂核磁共振磷谱图(³¹P-NMR)与对应结构图

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图 5 醇胺氨解改性大豆卵磷脂润滑剂反应机理

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图 6 不同处理剂中摩擦球磨痕状态与磨斑直径图

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图 7 矿物油分散剂与改性磷脂润滑剂摩擦系数随时间的变化图

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表 1 不同醇胺加量形成的氨解改性卵磷脂的润滑性能与乳化分散性能

醇胺/%	润滑系数	润滑系数降低率/%	乳化分散性
5	0.328	47.8	棕色油滴漂浮
10	0.185	70.5	均匀分散
15	0.082	86.9	均匀分散
25	0.073	89.3	均匀分散，部分泡沫
30	0.214	68.6	大量细泡，体积膨胀

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表 2 不同处理剂在淡水基浆中的润滑与热稳定性能对比

处理剂	实验条件	极压润滑系数	润滑系数降低率/%	黏附系数	黏附系数降低率/%
空白	老化前	0.682		0.14
	120 ℃、16 h	0.674		0.15
	160 ℃、16 h	0.652		0.15
改性磷脂润滑剂	老化前	0.073	89.3	0.03	78.6
	120 ℃、16 h	0.085	87.4	0.02	86.7
	160 ℃、16 h	0.094	85.6	0.03	80.0
市售润滑剂A	老化前	0.054	92.1	0.04	71.4
	120 ℃、16 h	0.051	92.4	0.02	86.7
	160 ℃、16 h	0.072	89.0	0.02	86.7
市售润滑剂B	老化前	0.126	81.5	0.03	78.6
	120 ℃、16 h	0.113	83.2	0.03	80.0
	160 ℃、16 h	0.149	77.1	0.04	73.3

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表 3 不同处理剂在不同基浆中的润滑性能对比

处理剂	测试浆	润滑系数	润滑系数降低率/%
空白	4%盐水基浆	0.694
空白	2%氯化钙基浆	0.701
改性磷脂润滑剂	4%盐水基浆	0.092	86.7
改性磷脂润滑剂	2%氯化钙基浆	0.092	86.9
市售润滑剂A	4%盐水基浆	0.156	77.5
市售润滑剂A	2%氯化钙基浆	0.327	53.4
市售润滑剂B	4%盐水基浆	0.136	80.4
市售润滑剂B	2%氯化钙基浆	0.143	79.6

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表 4 不同改性磷脂润滑剂加量对聚磺钻井液性能的影响

润滑剂/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	润滑系数
0	13.0	10	3.0	0.5/3.5	8.8	24	0.174
1	13.5	10	3.5	0.5/3.5	9.0	24	0.152
2	14.0	11	3.0	0.5/4.0	9.0	25	0.112
注：聚磺钻井液的配方为3%膨润土浆+0.2%干粉+1%磺化褐煤+1.5%磺化酚醛树脂+1%磺化沥青

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