Preparation of a High Molecular Weight Polymer Thickening Agent and Its Use in Fracturing Fluids
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摘要: 以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为聚合单体，通过水溶液聚合法制备了高分子聚合物压裂液稠化剂FTW-1，与有机锆交联剂交联，考察了聚合反应温度、体系酸碱度、反应时间、单体浓度、引发剂加量等对高分子聚合物稠化剂FTW-1性能的影响，利用FTIR、TG等方法对高分子聚合物稠化剂FTW-1进行了表征。结果显示，高分子聚合物稠化剂最佳合成工艺为单体质量浓度为35%，pH值为7.8～8.0，引发剂加量为0.12%，反应温度为50 ℃，反应时间为4 h。红外及热重分析显示，该高分子聚合物稠化剂FTW-1分子结构符合预期设计，黏均分子量约为1.8×106，具有良好的热稳定性，可满足180 ℃施工需求。同时，也开展了压裂液性能，诸如溶解性能、增稠和交联性能、耐温耐剪切性能、抗微生物降解性能、破胶性能等的研究，结果表明压裂液各项性能均满足相关行业标准要求。Abstract: A high molecular weight polymer thickening agent, FTW-1, for fracturing fluids has been developed through water solution polymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM), sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as polymerization monomers. Several factors, such as the reaction temperature, the pH of the reaction system, reaction time, concentrations of monomers, as well as the concentration of the initiator, were studied for their effects on the performance of FTW-1. The molecular structure of FTW-1 was characterized with FTIR, TG etc. It was found that the optimum conditions for the polymerization reaction are as follows: the mass concentration of the monomers = 35%, the pH of the reaction system = 7.8-8.0, the concentration of the initiator = 0.12%, the reaction temperature = 50 ℃, and the reaction time = 4 h. FTIR and TG analyses showed that the molecular structure of the reaction product FTW-1 meets the expectations. The viscosity average molecular weight of FTW-1 is 1.8 × 106. FTW-1 has good thermal stability; it satisfies the need of operation at 180 ℃. Studies on the performance of the FTW-1 treated fracturing fluids showed that the solubility, thickening and crosslinking performance, high temperature and shearing resistance, resistance to biodegradation, as well as gel breaking capacity of FTW-1 all meet the requirements of relevant industrial standards.
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表 3 高分子聚合物稠化剂FTW-1压裂液破胶性能
基液质量
浓度/%破胶剂/
g·L−1破胶时间/h
（95 ℃）破胶液黏度/
mPa·s残渣含/
mg·L−10.3 0.4 3.5 5.0 3.45 0.6 4.0 5.5 3.82 0.3 0.5 3.0 4.0 2.89 0.6 3.5 4.5 3.07 
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