Preparation and Performance Study of an Adsorptive Retardant for Acid Job
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摘要: 针对酸化作业中存在的酸岩反应速度快、残酸返排困难、二次伤害大等问题，以丙烯基聚氧乙烯醚（APEE）、酯类单体（EX）、丙烯酰胺（AM）为原料，通过乳液聚合成功制备出一种吸附型酸化缓速剂。通过单因素优化法，确定了最佳合成条件为：m(AM)∶m(APEE)∶m(EX)＝10.66∶1.05∶0.17，单体质量分数加量15%，引发剂质量分数加量0.25%，反应温度50 ℃ ，反应时间6.0 h采用红外光谱对缓速剂分子进行了结构表征，并研究了缓速剂加量、温度和钙盐含量对缓速剂延缓酸岩反应性能的影响。 结果表明，缓速剂质量分数加量为0.8%时，酸岩反应时间可延长至120 min；在70 ℃下，缓速剂依然具有良好的缓速性能；缓速剂配制而成的缓速酸具有优良的抗钙盐性能。 通过SEM成功观察到缓速剂吸附在岩石表面，有效延缓了氢离子与碳酸钙表面的接触，从而降低了酸岩反应速率。Abstract: Acid job has long been faced with a series of problems such as fast acid – rock reaction, difficulties in flowing back the residue acids as well as high secondary formation damage etc. To deal with these problems, an adsorptive retardant for acid job was developed through emulsion polymerization with raw materials such as allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEE), an ester monomer EX and acrylamide (AM). The optimum reaction condition for the synthesis reaction obtained through single-factor optimization is as follows: m(AM)∶m(APEE)∶m(EX) = 10.66∶1.05∶0.17, the total mass fraction concentration of the monomers is 15%, the mass fraction concentration of the initiator 0.25%, the reaction temperature 50 ℃, and the reaction time 6.0 h. The molecular structure of the retardant was characterized with IR spectroscopy and studies were done on the effects of several factors, such as the concentration of the retardant in acid, temperature and concentration of calcium salts, on the retardant’s ability to retard the acid – rock reaction. It was found in the studies that when the mass fraction concentration of the retardant is 0.8%, the acid – rock reaction time can be extended to 120 min. The retardant was able to show good retarding performance at 70 ℃. The retarded acid prepared with the retardant has excellent resistance to calcium salts. SEM observation has shown that the retardant is adsorbed on the surfaces of the rocks, effectively retarding the contact of the hydrogen ions with the surfaces of calcium carbonate rocks and hence reducing the reaction rate between the acid and the rocks.
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Key words:
- Acidize /
- Adsorb /
- Retardant /
- Acid-rock reaction
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表 1 单体配比对缓速剂溶蚀率的影响
m（AM）∶m（APEE）∶m（EX） 溶蚀率/% 3.56∶0.35∶0.17 86.0 5.33∶0.35∶0.17 82.8 7.11∶0.35∶0.17 87.2 8.89∶0.35∶0.17 83.2 10.66∶0.35∶0.17 78.2 10.66∶0.70∶0.17 80.9 10.66∶1.05∶0.17 71.8 10.66∶1.40∶0.17 81.3 10.66∶1.75∶0.17 73.8 10.66∶2.10∶0.17 81.8 10.66∶2.45∶0.17 90.3 10.66∶2.80∶0.17 95.2 10.66∶3.15∶0.17 96.5 10.66∶3.50∶0.17 96.1 
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