Study on Rheological Modifier of High Temperature High Density Clay-free Oil-based Drilling Fluid
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摘要: 针对油基钻井液体系高温环境下沉降稳定性不足的难题，将二聚脂肪酸和二乙烯三胺以物质的量比1∶2反应合成了一种小分子脂肪酸酰胺型抗高温提切剂FAA，并对其进行了结构表征、机理分析和性能评价。流变实验和显微镜观察结果表明，提切剂FAA主要通过在乳液滴之间桥联形成凝胶网络结构来有效提高油基钻井液的结构强度，从而改善其固相悬浮能力及沉降稳定性。在柴油基钻井液体系中的评价结果表明，FAA可有效提高体系的动切力、φ6/φ3读数以及动塑比，并可有效改善体系的高温沉降稳定性，使体系在220 ℃下静置5 d后沉降因子SF小于0.52，无明显沉降现象出现。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of insufficient settlement stability of oil-based drilling fluids in high temperature environments, a small molecule fatty acid amide type rheological modifier FAA which can be used in high temperature environment was synthesized by reacting dimer fatty acids and diethylene triamine at a molar ratio of 1∶2, with the structural characterization, mechanism analysis and performance evaluation were also carried out. The results of rheological experiments and microscopic observations show that the FAA effectively improves the structural strength of the oil-based drilling fluid system by bridging the emulsion droplets to form a gel-like network structure, thereby effectively improving its solid-phase suspension ability and settlement stability. The evaluation results in the diesel-based drilling fluid system show that the FAA can effectively improve the yield point, φ6/φ3 revolution reading and yield point/plastic viscosity ratio of the system, and can effectively improve the high-temperature sedimentation stability of the system, making it standing at 220℃ for 5 days with the sedimentation factor SF less than 0.52 and no obvious sedimentation phenomenon occures.
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表 2 提切剂FAA加量对不同油水比油基钻井液体系常规性能的影响
油水比 FAA/
%测试
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sFLHTHP/
mLES/
V90∶10 0 老化前 23.5 23 0.5 2/1 1.0/0.5 0.02 8.6 787 老化后 22.0 22 0 0/0 0/0 0 463 1 老化前 36.0 32 4.0 5/4 3.0/4.0 0.13 4.2 989 老化后 37.5 34 3.5 4/3 2.0/3.0 0.10 699 80∶20 0 老化前 34.0 32 2.0 3/2 1.5/1.0 0.06 6.2 933 老化后 31.0 30 1.0 1/1 0.5/0.5 0.03 578 1 老化前 47.0 41 6.0 8/7 4.0/6.0 0.15 5.6 1107 老化后 44.0 40 4.0 5/4 2.0/3.0 0.10 741 70∶30 0 老化前 45.5 43 2.5 3/2 1.5/1.0 0.06 4.4 544 老化后 42.5 41 1.5 2/1 1.0/0 0.04 473 1 老化前 58.0 47 11.0 10/8 6.0/8.0 0.23 3.2 826 老化后 54.0 46 8.0 7/6 4.0/5.0 0.17 735 注：老化条件为180 ℃、16 h；流变性测试温度为65 ℃；高温高压滤失量测试温度为180 ℃ 
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表 3 不同老化温度下提切剂FAA对油基钻井液常规性能的影响
FAA/
%测试条件 开罐
状态AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sFLHTHP/
mLES/
V0 老化前 34.0 32 2.0 3/2 1.5/1.0 0.06 933 180 ℃×16 h 软沉 31.0 30 1.0 1/1 0.5/0.5 0.03 6.2 578 200 ℃×16 h 硬沉 27.5 27 0.5 1/0 0/0.5 0.02 9.8 402 220 ℃×16 h 硬沉 28.0 29 −1.0 0/0 0/0 14.2 359 240 ℃*16 h 硬沉 26.5 28 −1.5 0/0 0/0 16.4 316 1 老化前 47.0 41 6.0 8/7 4.0/6.0 0.15 1107 180 ℃×16 h 无沉 44.0 40 4.0 5/4 2.0/3.0 0.10 5.6 741 200 ℃×16 h 无沉 45.0 41 4.0 5/4 2.0/3.0 0.10 6.2 762 220 ℃×16 h 无沉 42.0 39 3.0 4/3 2.0/2.5 0.07 6.8 643 240 ℃×16 h 软沉 36.0 35 1.0 1/0 0/0.5 0.03 9.0 392 220 ℃×32 h 无沉 47.0 42 5.0 5/4 3.0/4.0 0.12 785 220 ℃×48 h 无沉 45.0 42 3.0 4/3 3.0/3.5 0.07 811 220 ℃×72 h 无沉 47.0 43 4.0 4/3 3.0/4.0 0.09 5.8 835 注：流变性测试温度为65 ℃；高温高压滤失量测试温度为180 ℃
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表 4 油基钻井液岩屑污染评价实验
岩屑污染量/
%测试
条件开罐
状态流动
状态AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sFLHTHP/
mLES/
V5 老化前 良好 49 43 6 5/4 2/3 0.14 7.0 915 老化后 无沉 43 38 5 4/3 2/3 0.13 606 10 老化前 良好 58 52 6 6/5 3/4 0.12 5.6 1107 老化后 无沉 51 46 5 5/4 2/3 0.11 741 15 老化前 良好 72 64 8 9/8 6/8 0.13 4.2 1296 老化后 无沉 71 62 9 10/9 6/10 0.15 982 20 老化前 稠化严重 96 82 14 13/12 8/13 0.17 5.4 1431 老化后 无沉 119 101 18 16/14 8/15 0.18 943 注：老化温度为220 ℃；流变性测试温度为65 ℃；高温高压滤失量测试温度为180 ℃
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表 5 提切剂FAA对油基钻井液 高温沉降稳定性的影响
FAA/
%t静置/
dρ上部/
g·cm-3ρ下部/
g·cm-3沉降
状态SF 0 0 1.96 2.08 软沉 0.515 1 1.83 2.12 软沉 0.537 3 1.68 2.24 硬沉 0.571 5 1.54 2.32 硬沉 0.601 7 1.52 2.36 硬沉 0.608 1 0 2.03 2.03 无沉 0.500 1 2.03 2.03 无沉 0.500 3 2.01 2.06 无沉 0.506 5 1.99 2.07 无沉 0.509 7 1.94 2.11 软沉 0.521 注：静置温度为220 ℃
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