Preparation of Crosslinking Agent for Guar Gum Fracturing Fluids and Study on Its Performance in Statically Suspending Sands
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摘要: 为改善胍胶压裂液压裂过程的低携砂运移缺陷，以纳米二氧化锆及3,5-二羟基戊酸合成纳米二氧化锆交联剂TCL，评价了交联剂用量、胍胶用量、3,5-二羟基戊酸用量及支撑剂密度对颗粒静态悬浮性能的影响。结果表明，含0.4% TCL交联剂和0.3%胍胶的压裂液在180 ℃和190 s−1条件下剪切80 min可使颗粒沉降量不大于0.3 g，远低于市售ZAB交联压裂液的2.6 g。增大交联剂含量、胍胶用量及交联剂侧链羟基有利于提高压裂液悬浮携砂性，而3,5-二羟基戊酸用量高于38 g时则不会对悬砂性能有较大影响。交联剂TCL含量对支撑剂悬砂能力影响最大，支撑剂沉降量降低了6.6 g，悬砂效果优异。Abstract: To improve the movement of sand carrying guar gum fracturing fluids in fracturing operation, a nanometer ZrO2 crosslinking agent TCL was developed using nanometer ZrO2 and 3,5-dihydroxy pentanoic acid. The effects of the concentrations of TCL, guar gum, 3,5- dihydroxy pentanoic acid and proppant on the static suspending stability of particles were investigated. It was found that after shearing at 180 °C and 190 s−1 for 80 min, the mass of particles settled in a fracturing fluid treated with 0.4% TCL and 0.3% guar gum can be limited to 0.3 g, much less than the 2.6 g particles settled in a fracturing fluid treated with the commercially available ZAB crosslinking agent. Higher treatment of the crosslinking agent TCL and guar gum as well as higher density hydroxide groups on the side chain of the crosslinking agent are all beneficial to the suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid, while the amount of the 3,5- dihydroxy pentanoic acid greater than 38 g does not have a great impact on the sand suspension of the fracturing fluid. The content of TCL in a fracturing fluid has the greatest impact on the suspension of the proppant particles in that fracturing fluid, reducing the mass of the settled sands by 6.6 g, indicating that TCL has excellent sand suspension capacity.
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表 1 3,5-二羟基戊酸对胍胶压裂液悬砂性能影响
3,5-羟基戊酸/g 黏度/mPa·s 颗粒质量/g 0 20 6.8 10 45 4.5 20 78 2.6 30 91 1.2 40 107 0.5 50 109 0.4 
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