Study and Application of Fluid Loss Additive Used in Cement Slurries for Cementing Salt-Gypsum Stratum
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摘要: 针对塔里木油田库车山前高压天然气井盐膏层溢漏同存、安全密度窗口窄等固井难题，通过优选功能性单体，合成了具有耐温抗盐且分散性好等特性的降失水剂FL-A。红外光谱分析结果表明，单体均参与了聚合反应；热重分析结果表明，FL-A具有良好的耐热性能，耐温达300 ℃；水泥浆性能评价表明，该降失水剂控失水性能好，抗盐达饱和，与其他外加剂配伍性好，稠化线型正常。采用该降失水剂配制的密度为2.3～2.6 g/cm3含盐高密度水泥浆体系在105～180 ℃高温下具有液固比低、失水量小、沉降稳定性好、流变性能优、强度发展快等特性。在盐膏层固井应用10余井次，封固质量良好，高压盐水均得到有效封隔。Abstract: High pressure natural gas well cementing in the piedmont structure in Kuche, Tarim Basin has encountered problems such as coexistence of well kick and mud losses in the salt-gypsum stratum, and narrow safe drilling windows etc. To deal with these problems, some functional monomers were selected and used to produce a fluid loss additive FL-A with high temperature tolerance, salt resistance and good dispersibility. IR analysis showed that the monomers all took part in the polymerization reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that FL-A has good thermal stability; it functions normally at 300 ℃. In laboratory evaluation, cement slurries treated with FL-A has good filtration control capacity, and can be used in salt-saturated cement slurries. FL-A has good compatibility with other additives and normal thickening curve. Several cement slurries, with their densities between 2.3 g/cm3 and 2.6 g/cm3, were formulated with saturated saltwater and treated with FL-A. These cement slurries have low liquid/solid ratios, low filtration rate, good settling stability, excellent rheology and fast-developing strengths. They have been used more than 10 times in cementing wells penetrating salt-gypsum stratum, the job quality was satisfactory and the high pressure formation saltwater was effectively isolated.
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表 1 掺有FL-A的水泥浆流变性能
FL-A/% NaCl/% FL/mL n K/Pa·sn 3 0 52 0.69 0.69 4 46 0.67 0.82 4 18 82 0.72 0.55 5 50 0.75 0.48 6 46 0.81 0.42 5 36 75 0.85 0.12 6 48 0.87 0.13 7 42 0.87 0.14 
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表 2 含盐高密度水泥浆的性能
配方 ρ/
g·cm−3液固
比T/
℃P/
MPa流动
度/cmFL/
mL游离
液/%t稠化/
min△ρ/
g·cm−3p24 h/
MPa1# 2.30 0.316 120 140 24.0 30 0 512 0.05 27.1 1# 2.30 0.316 130 140 24.0 30 0 421 0.05 2# 2.40 0.296 140 160 24.5 32 0 471 0.04 2# 2.40 0.296 150 160 24.5 32 0 382 0.04 29.2 3# 2.45 0.306 105 120 24.0 38 0 495 0.02 26.8 4# 2.50 0.284 160 180 24.5 36 0 483 0.05 36.2 4# 2.50 0.284 170 180 24.5 36 0 398 0.05 5# 2.60 0.280 180 180 25.0 36 0 450 0.03 34.6
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表 3 含盐高密度水泥浆的流变性能
配方 φ3 φ6 φ100 φ200 φ300 φ600 K/(Pa·sn) 1# 2 4 50 86 117 202 0.44 2# 2 4 53 95 129 223 0.47 3# 3 6 58 103 145 256 0.42 4# 3 6 56 104 146 240 0.40 5# 3 5 51 93 138 253 0.35
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