New Understanding About Technology of Balanced Drilling Fluid Activity and Its Field Application
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摘要: 泥页岩渗透水化是造成井壁失稳的重要原因之一。在钻井液活度平衡理论基础上，提出了钻井液“活度适度降低”新认识，分析了理论依据，利用水化崩散实验进行了室内验证，研究形成了钻井液活度确定方法。根据实验得出，钻井液活度适当高于岩心柱水活度仍能保持岩心柱稳定。基于“活度适度降低”的钻井液活度调节技术在济阳坳陷部分区块进行了现场应用，应用结果表明，钻井液“活度适度降低”能够解决部分区块泥页岩地层的坍塌、掉块等井壁失稳难题，钻完井过程顺利，避免了复杂情况的发生，节约了钻井周期和成本。Abstract: Osmotic hydration of shale is one of the important factors for borehole wall instability. Based on the activity equilibrium theory of drilling, a new idea of “moderate reduction of the activity of drilling fluid” has been presented. In this paper, the theoretical basis of this idea is analyzed. The idea was verified in laboratory through hydration and disintegration experiments, and as a result of the research work, a new method of determining the activity of the drilling fluids was established. It was found in the laboratory experiment that a cylindrical core can still retain its stability when the activity of the drilling fluid is moderately higher than the activity of the water in the core. The “moderate reduction of the activity of the drilling fluid” technology has been applied in the drilling operation in several blocks in Jiyang Depression, and it was found that “moderate reduction of activity” can be used to solve the borehole wall destabilization problem which is a result of collapse and caving of shale formations in these blocks. The wells were successfully drilled and completed, and downhole troubles were avoided, greatly saving the drilling time and drilling cost.
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Key words:
- Activity of drilling fluid /
- Moderate reduction /
- Borehole wall stabilization /
- Shale
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表 1 几种常见岩石强度值
岩石名称 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 抗剪强度/MPa 砂岩 20～200 4～25 8～40 页岩 10～100 2～10 3～20 砾岩 10～150 2～15 8～50 玄武岩 150～300 10～30 20～60 灰岩 20～200 5～20 10～50 白云岩 80～250 15～25 20～50 
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表 2 济阳坳陷部分井泥页岩岩石强度
井号 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 剪切强度/MPa 济页参 1 82.94～221.17 2.29～8.21 4.40～9.50 义 176 102.16～246.69 2.05～10.89 4.76～11.89 义 177 114.35～287.93 2.18～15.67 4.95～13.74 义 187 137.82～258.26 2.34～4.62 5.41～8.81 义 283 136.56～301.58 2.30～10.06 5.81～11.74 义 289 182.48～294.68 2.57～14.41 6.85～13.15
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表 3 钻井液活度调节技术应用情况
井号 完钻井
深/m电测周
期/d电测通
井次数井径扩
大率/%CB*-1（对比井） 3872 8.03 2 无电测数据 CB*-2（对比井） 3821 8.17 3 无电测数据 CB*-3（应用井） 3744 2.75 1 6.06 CB*-4（应用井） 3658 1.08 0 7.05 CB*-5（应用井） 3824 1.05 0 2.42 CB*-6（应用井） 3612 1.32 0 6.28 CB*-7（应用井） 3648 2.25 1 9.92 CB*-8（应用井） 3551 0.83 0 4.08 CB*-9（应用井） 3655 0.89 0 7.96
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