抗高温强封堵硬胶微泡沫钻井液构建技术

杨倩云; 王宝田; 张高峰; 赵怀珍

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.009

抗高温强封堵硬胶微泡沫钻井液构建技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.009

1.
胜利石油工程有限公司钻井液技术服务中心, 山东东营 257000
2.
胜利石油工程公司渤海钻井总公司，山东东营 257000

基金项目: 胜利石油工程有限公司基金项目“抗高温强封堵微泡沫钻井液技术研究”（SKG1808），中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司基金项目“致密油气藏储层保护钻井技术研究”（SG2001-4K）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨倩云，高级工程师，现在主要从事钻井液技术研究。电话（0546）6383198；E-mail：yangqy83.ossl@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-30

Formulation of High Temperature Stiff Micro Foam Drilling Fluid with Strengthened Plugging Capacity

1.
Drilling Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Service Corporation, Dongying, Shandong 257000
2.
Bohai Drilling Corporation of SINOPEC Shengli Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Dongying, Shandong 257000

摘要

摘要: 在分析微泡沫高温失稳因素基础上，构建了一种抗高温强封堵微泡沫钻井液。该钻井液采用低分子量高温稳泡剂以形成高温微泡沫的刚性结构膜，采用润湿剂来提高微泡沫表面膜润湿渗透性，减缓微泡沫高温下的蒸发作用；同时优选配套抗温降滤失剂和低密度封堵剂强化微泡沫抗温承压封堵能力。形成的抗高温强封堵硬胶微泡沫钻井液的密度在0.6～1.0 g/cm³之间可调，流变性良好；稳泡效果优异，常温半衰期至少45 h，150 ℃、16 h高温半衰期至少35 h，优化配方高温后半衰期不低于120 h；形成的封堵带性能稳定，高温高压砂床实验中滤液侵入深度相对降低82.1%，钻井液侵入深度相对降低73.8%；微泡沫钻井液抗原油污染浓度不小于15%。该微泡沫钻井液不需要现场辅助特殊设备，适宜应用于高温深井低压易漏地层防漏穿漏，可在地面和井筒之间长效循环，节约材料消耗成本和设备成本，维护井壁稳定。
- 硬胶微泡沫 /
- 构建技术 /
- 低分子量稳泡剂 /
- 高温 /
- 封堵
Abstract: A high temperature stiff foam drilling fluid was formulated on the basis of analyzing the factors affecting the stability of micro foam at elevated temperatures. This drilling fluid has strengthened plugging capacity. A high temperature low molecular weight foam stabilizer was used to form a rigid structural film at the interface of the foams. A wetting agent was used to improve the wettability and osmosis of the foam surfaces, thereby mitigating the evaporation of the micro foams at elevated temperatures. Meanwhile an optimized high temperature filter loss reducer and a low density plugging agent were used to strengthen the pressure bearing and plugging capacities of the micro foam drilling fluid. The density of the stiff micro foam drilling fluid can be adjusted between 0.6 g/cm³ and 1.0 g/cm³. The micro foam drilling fluid has a stable rheology. The half-life of the foam is at least 45 h at room temperatures, at least 35 h at 150 ℃, and at least 120 h at elevated temperatures after optimization of the formulation of the foam, all indicating that the micro foam has excellent stability. The plugging belt formed by this stiff foam is stable; in HTHP sand bed test, the invasion depth of the filtrate was reduced by 82.1%, and the invasion depth of drilling fluid was reduced by 73.8%. The micro foam is able to resist contamination by at least 15% crude oil. No special equipment is required in field application of the micro foam, and it is suitable for use in controlling mud losses in high temperature deep wells penetrating low pressure formations in which mud losses are prevailing. It can be long circulated between the surface and the borehole, and help stabilize the borehole walls. Using this stiff micro foam, drilling fluid costs both on materials and equipment are saved, and borehole walls stabilized.
- Stiff micro foam /
- Construction technology /
- Low molecular weight foam stabilizer /
- High temperature resistance /
- Strengthened plugging capacity

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图 1 不同稳泡剂在微泡沫流体中的黏弹性能

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图 2 不同温度下膜强度直观图

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图 3 3^#配方微泡沫钻井液老化前后静置 1～7 d 的稳泡效果

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图 4 3^#配方微泡沫钻井液干燥后的泥饼

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图 5 微泡沫钻井液高温高压封堵性能

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表 1 不同稳泡剂对微泡沫流体抗温性能的影响

稳定剂	T/ ℃	初析/ h	t_1/2/ h	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	AV / mPa·s	YP/PV Pa/mPa·s
TFS	室温	46.00	56.00	0.74	28.0	1.55
TFS	150	18.00	37.00	0.66	32.0	1.13
XC	室温	20.00	22.00	0.83	30.0	0.88
XC	150	0	0.10	0.32	24.0	0.50
HV-CMC	室温	0.05	1.17	0.56	44.0	0.52
HV-CMC	150	0	1.33	0.37	32.5	0.48
注：稳定剂加量均为3%

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表 2 不同降滤失剂对微泡沫钻井液降滤失性能的影响

指标	基液	DSP-Ⅱ	LV-PAC	SK-Ⅱ	SMP-1	SJ-1
FL/mL	18.6	13.4	12.8	11.6	10.6	12.8
t_1/2	15 min	3.9 h	1.5 h	25 min	11 min	3 min
注：微泡沫配方：2%膨润土+0.1%TFS+0.2%SDS+ 0.1%AOS+0.5%降滤失剂

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表 3 不同封堵剂对微泡沫钻井液封堵和稳定性的影响

封堵剂	侵入深度/cm		t_1/2/h
封堵剂	常温	150 ℃	常温	150 ℃
基液	13.9	全失	7.2	3.9
改性纤维粉	7.6	11.8	20.0	11.0
超细碳酸钙	8.8	12.0	5.8	2.9
纳米二氧化硅	7.6	10.2	7.5	4.2
白沥青	13.5	9.6	6.6	3.5
乳液封堵剂	11.2	9.2	7.8	4.1
聚合醇	25 mL	180 mL	7.0	4.0
注：配方：2%膨润土浆+0.1%TFS+0.5%DSP-Ⅱ+0.2% SDS+0.1%AOS+2%封堵剂

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表 4 微泡沫钻井液用润湿剂的优选

润湿剂	T/℃	初析/h	t_1/2/h
基液	室温	13.0	20.0
基液	150	9.0	11.0
聚甘油单油酸酯	室温	16.0	28.0
聚甘油单油酸酯	150	6.0	7.0
司盘-80	室温	20.0	33.0
司盘-80	150	16.0	21.0
吐温-80	室温	15.0	32.0
吐温-80	150	7.5	8.5
OP-10	室温	14.0	34.0
OP-10	150	12.0	14.0
注：配方：0.2%润湿剂+2%膨润土浆+0.1%TFS+0.5% DSP-Ⅱ+0.2%SDS+0.1%AOS+2%改性纤维粉

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表 5 微泡沫钻井液抗温稳定性

配方	T/ ℃	初析/ h	t_1/2/ h	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FL/ mL	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s
1^#	室温	34	45	0.65	5.6	27.0	19.0	0.70
1^#	150	28	35	0.63	5.6	30.0	18.0	0.60
2^#	室温	73	97	0.74	4.2	36.5	22.5	0.62
2^#	150	72	89	0.73	4.2	37.5	22.5	0.60
3^#	室温	＞120	＞120	0.91	3.8	41.0	27.0	0.66
3^#	150	＞120	＞120	0.89	3.8	43.5	26.5	0.61
注：老化条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 6 微泡沫钻井液抗原油污染能力的评价

原油/ %	2^#			3^#
原油/ %	FL_API/ mL	V_泡沫/ mL	t_1/2/ d	FL_API/ mL	V _泡沫/ mL	t_1/2/ d
0	4.4	870	＞30	3.8	810	＞30
5	4.4	865	＞30	3.8	810	＞30
10	4.2	895	21	3.6	840	22
15	4.2	825	6	3.4	780	9
20	4.2	685	2	3.4	720	2

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