高性能环保水基钻井液的研究与应用

宿振国; 王瑞和; 刘均一; 李光泉; 李婧靓

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.05.006

高性能环保水基钻井液的研究与应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.05.006

1.
中国石油大学（华东）, 山东青岛 266580
2.
中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司, 北京 100029

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项课题“致密油气开发环境保护技术集成及关键装备”（2016ZX05040-005）；中石化集团公司重点项目“新型高性能环保水基钻井液技术研究”（JP18038-12）

详细信息

作者简介:
宿振国，在读博士研究生，主要从事钻井工程新技术等研究工作。E-mail：suzg.ossl@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
王瑞和，教授，博士研究生导师。E-mail：wangrh@upc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-19
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-30

Study and Application of Environmentally Friendly High Performance Water Base Drilling Fluid

1.
China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580
2.
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corporation, Beijing, 100029

摘要

摘要: 针对高性能水基钻井液体系配方复杂、性能调控难度大、生物毒性与重金属超标等技术难题，采用疏水缔合与接枝复合改性方法，设计、研发了一种基于天然高分子/无机纳米复合材料的环保降滤失剂EFR-1，并对其性能进行评价。结果表明，EFR-1的抗温可达170 ℃，在饱和盐水中API滤失量仅为14.8 mL，生物毒性EC₅₀值为96 500 mg/L，生物降解性BOD₅/COD_Cr为18.56%，较好地解决了降滤失剂抗温、耐盐与环境友好性能相互制约的问题。构建了抗高温为170 ℃的高性能环保水基钻井液体系HPHB，该钻井液的流变、滤失性能稳定，配方组成简单，高温高压滤失量仅为7.8 mL，生物毒性EC₅₀值为56 800 mg/L。目前高性能环保水基钻井液体系HPHB已在胜利油田、新疆准中区块等现场应用20余口井，施工顺利，实验井段的井径扩大率≤5%。在显著提升钻井液工程性能的基础上，实现了绿色无毒，为深层超深层、海洋深水、非常规等复杂油气藏的绿色开发提供了技术支撑。
- 高性能水基钻井液 /
- 环境友好 /
- 降滤失剂 /
- 纳米复合材料 /
- 生物毒性
Abstract: In the field application of high performance water based drilling fluids, several technical problems have been encountered, such as complex composition, properties difficult to adjust and control, as well as excessive biotoxicity and heavy metals. To solve these problems, an environmentally friendly filter loss reducer EFR-1 was developed with a natural high molecular weight polymer and an inorganic nanocomposite through hydrophobic association and grafting modification. Laboratory evaluation of the EFR-1 filter loss reducer showed that EFR-1 is able to function normally at high temperatures up to 170 ℃. Saturated saltwater drilling fluids treated with EFR-1 have filtration rate of only 14.8 mL, EC₅₀ (biological toxicity) of 96 500 mg/L and BOD₅/COD_Cr (biodegradability) of 18.56%. The use of EFR-1 helped solve the mutually restraining problems such as temperature resistance, salt resistance and environmental friendliness. A high performance water based drilling fluid HPHB was developed with EFR-1. HPHB, a drilling fluid of simple composition, has stable rheology and filtration property in field operations, its HTHP filter loss is only 7.8 mL and EC₅₀ of 56 800 mg/L. HPHB has been successfully used on 20 wells drilled in Shengli Oilfield and Zhunzhong block in Xinjiang. Hole sections drilled with this HPHB drilling fluid have percent hole enlargement of less than 5%. The HPHB drilling fluid is not only technically feasible, but also environmentally friendly, it has provided a technical support to the “green” development of complex oil and gas reservoirs buried in deep/ultra-deep formations and in deep waters, as well as the “green” development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
- High performance water based drilling fluid /
- Environmentally friendly /
- Filter loss reducer /
- Nanocomposite /
- Biological toxicity

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图 1 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的红外光谱分析结果

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图 2 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的粒径分布曲线

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图 3 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的透射电镜TEM图片

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表 1 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的降滤失性能

EFR-1/ %	热滚条件	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
0	热滚前	23.0		10.5	6.5	4.0
0	热滚后	30.0	84.0	4.0	3.5	0.5
0.5	热滚前	9.2		21.0	13.0	8.0
0.5	热滚后	8.2	40.6	20.5	14.0	6.5
1.0	热滚前	6.2		33.5	21.0	12.5
1.0	热滚后	5.2	24.8	42.5	31.0	11.5
1.5	热滚前	6.0		47.0	30.0	17.0
1.5	热滚后	4.8	20.4	58.5	41.0	17.5
注：热滚条件为160 ℃、16 h；高温高压滤失量测试条件为160 ℃、3.5 MPa

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表 2 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的抗高温性能

T_热滚/ ℃	FL_API/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
热滚前	6.2	33.5	21.0	12.5
160	5.2	42.5	31.0	11.5
170	7.2	27.5	21.0	6.5
180	13.6	9.0	8.0	1.0
注：热滚时间为16 h；基浆：膨润土浆+1%EFR-1

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表 3 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的抗盐性能

NaCl/ %	热滚条件	FL_API/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
0	热滚前	6.2	33.5	21.0	12.5
0	热滚后	5.2	42.5	31.0	11.5
4	热滚前	7.8	22.5	13.0	9.5
4	热滚后	7.2	13.0	9.0	4.0
10	热滚前	9.2	23.0	15.0	8.0
10	热滚后	8.8	10.0	7.0	3.0
20	热滚前	13.2	30.0	18.0	12.0
20	热滚后	11.2	16.5	12.0	4.5
饱和	热滚前	13.8	26.0	16.0	10.0
饱和	热滚后	14.2	22.5	19.0	3.5
注：热滚条件为160 ℃、16 h；基浆：4%淡水膨润土浆+1%EFR-1

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表 4 环保降滤失剂EFR-1的抗钙性能

CaCl₂/ %	热滚条件	FL_API/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
0	热滚前	6.2	33.5	21.0	12.5
0	热滚后	5.2	42.5	31.0	11.5
1.0	热滚前	8.6	22.5	17.0	5.5
1.0	热滚后	6.4	24.5	18.0	6.5
1.5	热滚前	13.2	23.0	15.0	8.0
1.5	热滚后	10.8	20.0	14.0	6.0
2.0	热滚前	22.0	9.5	6.0	3.5
2.0	热滚后	18.0	10.0	7.0	3.0
注：热滚条件为160 ℃、16 h；基浆：4%淡水膨润土浆+1%EFR-1

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表 5 高性能环保水基钻井液的流变、滤失性能

T_热滚/ ℃	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	pH
热滚前	51.5	36.0	15.5	5.0/9.5	2.8		10.0
160	40.5	29.5	11.0	4.0/7.0	2.4	7.6	9.5
170	38.5	28.0	10.5	4.0/6.5	2.8	7.8	9.5

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表 6 高性能环保水基钻井液的环保性能

体系配方	pH	色度	生物毒性EC₅₀/ mg·L⁻¹	重金属元素/ mg·kg⁻¹
体系配方	pH	色度	生物毒性EC₅₀/ mg·L⁻¹	Pb	Cd	Cr
HPHB	9.5	200	56 800	1.32	0.07	0.10
聚磺防塌	11.0	1000	8400	5.91	2.23	7.81

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表 7 高性能环保水基钻井液热滚后的抗污染性能

污染物	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	pH
HPHB	40.5	29.5	11.0	4.0/7.0	2.8	10.0
20%NaCl	47.0	35.0	12.0	4.5/8.5	3.6	9.0
1%CaCl₂	56.5	40.0	16.5	6.5/9.5	4.2	9.0
10%评价土	54.0	36.0	18.0	7.0/11.0	3.6	9.5
注：热滚条件为160 ℃、16 h

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表 8 高性能环保水基钻井液的储层保护性能

K₀/ mD	K_d / mD	K_d/K₀ / %	K_d＇/ mD	K_d＇/K₀/ %
0.833	0.716	85.94	0.753	90.36

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表 9 现场钻井液分段性能

井深/ m	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FV/ s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	pH	Cl⁻/ mg·L⁻¹
3070	1.20	40	12	4.0	1.0/4.0	3.8	/	8.5	51 000
3578	1.25	52	22	7.5	2.0/8.0	3.0	/	9.0	67 810
3850	1.34	54	24	9.5	2.0/11.0	3.0	8.8	9.5	78 514
4458	1.52	56	27	12.0	3.0/13.0	3.2	8.8	9.0	85 759
4860	1.54	55	30	12.0	3.0/14.0	3.0	8.6	9.5	83 765
5102	1.55	58	31	12.0	4.0/14.0	1.8	8.0	9.0	81 771
5372	1.68	64	42	12.0	3.0/14.0	1.6	8.0	9.0	85 760
5437	1.66	68	44	12.0	3.0/14.0	1.4	8.0	9.0	85 080
5902	1.63	72	40	13.0	4.0/15.0	1.8	8.4	9.0	81 535
6644	1.69	70	38	15.0	4.0/15.0	2.0	8.4	9.0	79 762
6745	1.81	76	42	18.0	4.5/16.0	1.8	8.2	9.0	74 445
6815	1.88	66	45	15.0	3.0/11.0	1.6	8.2	8.5	70 990

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