An Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluid with Strong Inhibitive and Plugging Capacity for Use in the Fuxian Block in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 针对鄂尔多斯盆地富县区块井壁失稳技术难题，从复杂地层的矿物组成、微观结构和理化性能角度，揭示了富县区块刘家沟组、石千峰组和石盒子组井壁失稳机理。泥岩中黏土含量较高，地层孔隙、裂缝发育，为泥页岩水化提供了空间。结合“多元协同”井壁稳定理论，提出“物化封堵/固结井壁阻缓压力传递—加强抑制黏土水化性能—合理密度支撑井壁”的防塌钻井液技术对策。通过单剂优选和配方优化，构建了适用于富县区块的强抑制强封堵防塌钻井液体系，该钻井液体系流变性良好，高温高压滤失量仅为8.4 mL，抑制防塌、封堵能力强，滚动回收率大于90%，400 μm裂缝承压能力达到6 MPa，储层保护性能良好。现场应用表明，新研制的强抑制强封堵钻井液体系能有效控制刘家沟组、石千峰组和石盒子组等地层的缩径、坍塌，显著降低了井径扩大率，提高了机械钻速，无井下复杂事故发生，为保证富县区块“安全、高效”的钻井施工提供了钻井液技术保障。Abstract: Borehole wall instability was encountered in drilling the Liujiagou formation, the Shiqianfeng formation and the Shihezi formation in the Fuxian block, and the mechanisms of the instability were investigated and revealed through studies on three aspects, namely, the mineral composition, microstructure and physio-chemical property of the formations in question. These studies are aimed at solving the borehole wall sloughing problem encountered in the drilling operation in the Fuxian block in Ordos Basin, in which the shale contains high content of clays and is developed with pores and fractures resulting in shale hydration. Based on the “synergy of multiple factors” theory, a technical measure for stabilizing borehole wall, which can be described as “physio-chemically plugging/consolidating borehole wall to retard pressure transmission-strengthening the inhibition of clay hydration-supporting the borehole wall with appropriate mud weight”, was presented. A drilling fluid with strong inhibitive capacity and plugging capacity was formulated based on the optimization of each additive in and the whole composition of the drilling fluid to deal with the sloughing of the borehole wall. The drilling fluid has HTHP filtration rate of 8.4 mL, strong inhibitive and plugging capacity, and percent recovery of shale cuttings of 90% in hot rolling test. Plugging of 400 μm fractures with the drilling fluid renders the formation in which these fractures exist a pressure bearing capacity of 6 MPa. The drilling fluid also has good reservoir protection capacity. Field application shows that this new drilling fluid is able to effectively mitigate the tight hole and sloughing, reduce the rate of hole enlargement, and increase rate of penetration. Using this drilling fluid, no downhole troubles have ever happened, providing drilling fluid technical support to the safe and efficient drilling in the Fuxian block.
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表 1 富县区块复杂地层泥页岩水化分散/膨胀实验
深度/m 层位 清水滚动
回收率/%清水16 h
膨胀率/%2482～2484 刘家沟组 82.4 12.6 2680～2682 石千峰组 86.1 10.7 2540～2540 石千峰组 72.6 13.4 3032～3034 石盒子组 82.9 11.8 2792～2794 石盒子组 62.8 15.7 
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表 2 旬宜1井泥页岩阳离子交换容量实验
井深/m 层位 CEC/
mmol/kgMBT/
g/kg2792～2794 石千峰组和上石盒子组交界处 35 50.00 3022～3024 下石盒子组和山西组交界处 40 57.14
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表 3 强抑制强封堵防塌钻井液流变性能及滤失性能
条件 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLHK/
mmFLHTHP/
mL老化前 36 26 10 1.5/8 3.2 0.5 8.4 老化后 32 21 11 1.0/6 3.0 0.5
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表 5 强抑制强封堵防塌钻井液对裂缝封堵性能评价
裂缝开
度/μm承压时
间/minP/
MPa累积漏失
量/mL封堵情况描述 400 10 6.0 45 加压至0.5 MPa漏失15 mL，加加压至2.0 MPa，漏失45 mL，加压至6.0 MPa，承压10 min仍无漏失发生。
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表 6 强抑制强封堵防塌钻井液污染后山西组岩心的渗透率
深度/
mKo/
mDKd/
mDKd/ Ko/% 切除前 切除1 cm 切除2 cm 3064～
30730.012 32 0.008 96 72.73 94.48 96.62 3125.73～
3127.420.003 86 0.003 18 82.38 88.60 93.48
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