Analysis of the Mode and Mechanisms of Destabilization of Micro Foams
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摘要: 以实验为基础，观察了微泡沫流体3种失稳形式：析液、沉降或两者同时存在，研究了微泡沫体系的黏度和切力、稳泡剂分子量、搅拌速度、温度、Na+和Ca2+等对失稳形式的影响，并对比各失稳状态前微泡沫流体的界面膜黏度和强度，分析了其内在失稳机制，为构建抗温抗盐的微泡沫体系提供技术借鉴。总体来说，当基液黏度及动塑比低，或者稳泡介质为轻质凝胶时，微泡沫流体失稳表现为析液；当基液稳泡介质密度高，或凝胶分子量过高致使束缚自由水增多，造成液膜厚重时，微泡沫体系失稳表现为沉降；而经不同高温老化或者被不同浓度金属离子污染情况下，失稳表现形式可能是析液和沉降兼有。Abstract: Micro-foam fluid destabilizes in three ways: separation of the liquid phase, settlement, or both. In our study the effects of several factors on the way of foam destabilization were studied, including the viscosity and gel strengths of the micro-foam, the molecular weight of the foam stabilizer, speed for mixing the foam, temperature, Na+ and Ca2+ etc. The viscosity and strength of the interfacial films of the micro-foam prior to destabilization were compared with each other and the intrinsic mechanisms of the destabilization of the micro-foams were analyzed. These studies shall be able to provide technical references to the formulation of micro-foam fluids with thermal stability and salt-resistance. Generally speaking, when the viscosity and the ratio of yield point over plastic viscosity of the base fluid are low, or when medium for stabilizing the micro-foam is a kind of lightweight gel, the micro-foam destabilizes in a way of liquid separation; when the density of the base fluid stabilizing the micro-foam is high, or when the molecular weight of the gel is too high resulting an in increase in the amount of bound free water, and hence an increase in the thickness and weight of the liquid films, the micro-foam destabilizes in a way of settlement. When the micro-foam is aged at different temperatures or contaminated with different concentrations of metal ions, it destabilizes in a way of both liquid separation and settlement.
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Key words:
- Micro-foam /
- Liquid separation /
- Settlement /
- Viscosity of liquid film /
- Strength of liquid film
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表 1 低黏度和切力引起的微泡沫基液流变性能
配方 稳泡
剂t1/2/
minρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP / PV /
Pa/mPa·s1# 2.0%钠膨润土浆 32.0 0.37 18.5 13 0.42 2# 0.5%LV-PAC 32.7 0.43 33.0 24 0.38 3# 0.5%MV-PAC 44.7 0.53 43.5 29 0.50 注：LV-PAC和MV-PAC的分子量分别为1×106～2×106和4×106～5×106 
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表 2 HV-PAC与XC形成的微泡沫流体的基本性能
稳泡剂 t 1/2/
hρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sHV-PAC 0.83 0.59 51.5 27 0.91 XC ＞72 0.74 56.5 18 2.14
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表 3 微泡沫流体在不同搅拌速度下的基本性能
γ/
r·min−1t 1/2/
/hρ/
g·cm−3AV/ mPa·s PV/ mPa·s Gel/
Pa/PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·s失稳
形式700 6 0.67 38.0 23 3.2/5.0 0.65 沉降 800 28 0.63 42.0 25 3.0/5.5 0.68 沉降 900 34 0.53 54.5 34 4.0/6.5 0.60 沉降 1000 32 0.50 60.0 39 4.0/8.0 0.54 沉降 1100 26 0.48 57.5 38 4.5/8.0 0.51 先析液
后沉降
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表 4 微泡沫钻井液体系高温老化前后的性能
T/
℃t 1/2//
hρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP / PV/
Pa/mPa·s室温 34.00 0.72 43.0 27 0.59 150 12.00 0.49 37.5 26 0.44 160 0.33 0.95 22.5 15 0.50 1.06 22.0 17 0.29 注：老化时间为16 h
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表 5 不同浓度的NaCl对微泡沫体系稳定性能的影响
NaCl/
%t 1/2/
hρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·s失稳
形式0 36 0.71 25.5 11 1.32 沉降 5 19 0.73 25.5 12 1.13 沉降 10 5 0.79 25.0 12 1.08 沉降 15 ＞96 0.80 27.0 16 0.69 析液 25 ＞96 0.84 35.0 19 0.84 析液 30 ＞96 0.85 36.0 20 0.80 析液
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表 6 不同浓度CaCl2对微泡沫性能的的影响
CaCl2/
%t 1/2/
hρ/
g·cm−3AV/ mPa·s PV/ mPa·s YP/PV/
Pa/mPa·s失稳
形式0 56.00 0.71 25.5 11 1.32 沉降 5 11 .00 0.68 25.0 13 0.92 沉降 10 7.00 0.70 32.5 19 0.71 絮凝沉降 15 0.80 0.70 32.5 21 0.55 絮凝沉降 20 0.17 0.93 15.5 14 0.11 先絮沉后析液 25 ＞1.04 18.0 13 0.38 无微泡
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