深水窄密度窗口地层封堵承压钻井液技术

李中; 陈浩东; 刘和兴; 吕开河; 白英睿

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.005

深水窄密度窗口地层封堵承压钻井液技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.005

1.
中海石油（中国）有限公司湛江分公司，广东湛江 524057
2.
中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，山东青岛 266580

基金项目: 中国海油集团公司“十三五”科技重大项目 “深水钻完井液,固井水泥浆体系评价方法及工艺研究”（CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM 05 LTD ZJ 03）

详细信息

作者简介:
李中，教授级高级工程师，博士，现在主要从事海上油气井钻完井技术研究和管理工作。E-mail：lizhong@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE282
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-31

Drilling Fluid Technology for Plugging and Strengthening Formations with Narrow Mud Weight Windows in Deep Water Drilling

1.
Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524057
2.
China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580

摘要

摘要: 针对深水地层压实程度低、钻井液安全密度窗口窄、易导致井漏的技术难题，以烯类单体、大分子交联剂及层状结构硅酸盐矿物等为主要原料制备了柔性颗粒封堵剂，以此为基础构建了深水抗高温封堵承压水基钻井液。室内实验证明，柔性颗粒封堵剂韧性好，抗温达160 ℃，在10%盐水中性能稳定，对渗透性岩心、裂缝及砂床均具有良好的封堵效果，显著提高承压能力；构建的深水抗高温封堵承压钻井液160 ℃老化前后流变性能稳定，黏度和切力合适,4 ℃与25 ℃下的动切力比值小于1.35，具有显著的低温恒流变特性，封堵后岩心的渗透率接近于零，承压能力达11 MPa,抗膨润土粉及氯化钠污染的能力强,保护储层效果良好，岩心渗透率恢复率大于90%。该深水抗高温封堵承压水基钻井液在南海陵水区块进行了现场应用，提高了易漏地层的承压能力，承压能力提高6～11 MPa，确保了复杂井段的钻井安全。
- 深水钻井 /
- 窄密度窗口 /
- 承压封堵 /
- 水基钻井液 /
- 柔性颗粒 /
- 陵水区块
Abstract: Formations drilled in deep water drilling are generally poorly compacted and have narrow safe mud weight windows, and mud losses in drilling these formations hence occur frequently. To solve these problems, a flexible particle plugging agent was developed with vinyl monomers, a macromolecular crosslinking agent and a silicate mineral with layered structure. Laboratory experimental results show that this flexible particle plugging agent has good toughness, and functions normally at temperatures as high as 160 ℃. In 10% salt water, the plugging agent has stable characteristics and can effectively plug permeable cores, fractures and sand-bed, significantly increasing their pressure bearing capacity. A high temperature drilling fluid for deep water drilling was treated with this plugging agent, and its properties before and after aging at 160 ℃ were stable. This drilling fluid has proper viscosity and gel strengths, and the ratio of the yield points at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ is less than 1.35, indicating that the drilling fluid has constant rheology at low temperatures. Cores plugged with this drilling fluid have permeability that is near zero, and the pressure bearing capacity of the cores is 11 MPa. This drilling fluid has strong resistance to the contamination by clays and salt, and is of low damage to the permeability of reservoir formations; permeability recovery of plugged cores is at least 90%. The application of this drilling fluid in the Lingshui block in South China Sea effectively increased the pressure bearing capacity by 6-11 MPa, ensuring the safe drilling operation in the complex hole sections.
- Deep water /
- Narrow mud weigh window /
- Plugging to increase pressure bearing capacity /
- Flexible particle /
- Drilling fluid /
- Lingshui block

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图 1 柔性颗粒封堵剂的热重分析曲线

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图 2 柔性颗粒封堵剂拉伸前的长度

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图 3 柔性颗粒封堵剂的拉伸长度

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图 4 柔性颗粒封堵剂拉伸后的长度

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图 5 NaCl浓度对柔性颗粒封堵剂吸水膨胀性的影响

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表 1 柔性颗粒封堵剂在不同温度下24 h的吸水膨胀倍数及拉伸倍数

T/℃	吸水膨胀倍数/（g/g）	拉伸倍数
室温	7.10	4.9
50	7.32	4.8
75	7.64	4.6
100	8.27	4.5
125	8.31	4.5
150	8.83	4.3
160	9.05	4.3
170	6.15	2.6

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表 2 加有封堵剂的聚合物井浆对渗透性岩心的封堵承压效果

K_岩心/ D	封堵剂	承压能力/ MPa	FL/ mL
0.75	空白	5.22	8.5
	2%复合承压封堵剂	7.34	2.1
	1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	10.03	1.5
	2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	13.26	1.0
1.35	空白	4.55	13.0
	2%复合承压封堵剂	6.83	3.8
	1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	9.51	2.4
	2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	12.01	1.8

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表 3 加有封堵剂的聚合物井浆对裂缝的封堵承压效果

封堵剂	裂缝宽度/ mm	FL/ mL	承压能力/ MPa
空白	1	135.6	5.34
1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	1	20.5	8.81
2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	1	12.6	10.32
2%复合承压封堵剂	1	37.4	6.78
1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	2	26.4	7.71
2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	2	19.7	8.93
2%复合承压封堵剂	2	50.2	6.35
1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	3	33.8	7.37
2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	3	24.5	8.21
2%复合承压封堵剂	3	89.3	5.22

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表 4 在聚合物井浆中加入不同封堵剂对砂床的封堵效果

封堵剂	砂床侵入深度/cm
封堵剂	10～20目	20～40目	40～60目
0	全漏	13.6	8.2
1%柔性颗粒封堵剂	8.5	6.7	5.2
2%柔性颗粒封堵剂	7.8	5.5	4.3
2%复合承压封堵剂	12.1	8.8	7.5

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表 5 柔性颗粒封堵剂对聚合物井浆性能的影响

柔性颗粒封堵剂/ %	AV / mPa·s	PV / mPa·s	YP / Pa	FL _API/ mL
0	33.0	25.5	8.5	4.5
1	38.0	29.0	9.0	4.2
2	45.0	34.5	10.5	4.1

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表 6 抗高温封堵承压水基钻井液的流变及滤失性能

实验条件	T/ ℃	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/ mPa·s	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
热滚前	25	30.5	20.0	10.5	0.53	4.2	11.2
	10	32.0	21	11.0	0.52	4.2
	4	39.0	26.0	13.0	0.50	4.1
热滚后	25	29.0	19.5	9.5	0.49	4.5	12.6
	10	31.5	21.0	10.5	0.50	4.4
	4	38.0	25.5	12.5	0.49	4.4
注：热滚条件为160 ℃、16 h，FL_HTHP 在160 ℃、3.5 MPa下测定

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表 7 深水抗高温封堵承压水基钻井液的封堵承压性能

岩心孔隙度/%	岩心渗透率/mD	封堵后岩心在不同驱替压力下的渗透率/mD
岩心孔隙度/%	岩心渗透率/mD	3.5 MPa	5 MPa	8 MPa	11 MPa
21.2	312.2	0.081	0.018	0.006	0.000
23.3	442.5	0.132	0.036	0.008	0.002
23.7	572.2	0.102	0.024	0.003	0.000
25.2	889.4	0.076	0.005	0.003	0.001
26.5	1121.3	0.118	0.023	0.007	0.001

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表 8 优选水基钻井液的抗岩屑污染性能

污染条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
0	30.5	20.0	10.5	4.2	11.2
3%土粉	32.0	21.0	11.0	4.2	11.3
6%土粉	34.5	23.0	11.5	4.3	11.3
9%土粉	37.0	15.5	11.5	4.5	11.5
4%NaCl	33.5	22.0	11.5	4.5	12.1
10%NaCl	34.5	23.0	12.5	4.8	13.5

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表 9 深水抗高温封堵承压水基钻井液的储层保护效果

岩心号	K_a/ mD	K₀ / mD	K_d / mD	渗透率恢复率/ %
1	637.2	108.5	101.3	93.4
2	405.8	86.4	77.9	90.2
3	210.2	54.3	49.7	91.5

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