干热岩抗高温环保水基钻井液体系

刘畅; 许洁; 冉恒谦

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.003

干热岩抗高温环保水基钻井液体系

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.003

刘畅^{1, 2, 3},
许洁^{1, 2, ,},
冉恒谦²

1.
中国地质调查局海口海洋地质调查中心，海口 571127
2.
中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所，河北廊坊 065000
3.
中国地质大学（北京）中国地质科学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 自然资源部中国地质调查局地质调查项目“共和盆地恰卜恰干热岩试验性开发与评价（中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所）”（20190136）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘畅，1995年生，毕业于中国地质大学（北京）地质工程专业获硕士学位，现在主要从事钻井液技术研究工作

通讯作者:
许洁，高级工程师，1983年生，主要从事钻井液技术研究与应用工作。E-mail：xujie561@126.com

中图分类号: TE254
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-31

An Environmentally Friendly High Temperature Water Based Drilling Fluid for Hot-Dry-Rock Well Drilling

LIU Chang^{1, 2, 3},
XU Jie^{1, 2
, ,},
RAN Hengqian²

1.
Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey, Haikou, Hainan 571127
2.
The Institute of Exploration Techniques, CAGS, Langfang, Hebei 065000
3.
China University of Geosciences, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100083

摘要

摘要: 传统能源储量日益减少，干热岩类新型能源的开发变得尤为重要。然而干热岩井底温度较高、井深较深且存在造斜井段、其周边有自然保护区，对钻井液的高温稳定性、环保性有着严格的要求。如果能设计高效的抗高温钻井液体系，将会对干热岩的开发起到事半功倍的效果。因此对30余种处理剂进行常规性能测试与热滚老化实验，通过控制变量、正交实验等方法，根据干热岩特征对钻井液的组分、含量进行设计筛选，得到一套干热岩抗高温钻井液体系，并对该体系在不同温度、密度、老化时长的条件下进行抗温性能测试。实验结果表明，该钻井液体系在240 ℃高温下依然有较好的高温稳定性；该体系采用聚合物类处理剂，其内部形成的网架结构稳定，不易被高温破坏，同时针对地层特点而设计的泥饼薄且有韧性、对井壁侵蚀性较小；除此之外还采用了白色无污染原材料，不含磺化、油基成分，性能环保，对周边环境污染性小。
- 干热岩 /
- 抗高温钻井液 /
- 环境保护
Abstract: As the traditional energy reserves are declining, the development of new energy, such as hot-dry-rock, is becoming more and more popular. Hot-dry-rock wells have high bottom hole temperatures and are very deep, and sometimes are drilled directionally. Furthermore, some hot-dry-rock wells are located in an area surrounded by nature reserves. These factors impose strict requirements on the high temperature stability and environmental friendliness of the drilling fluid used to the hot-dry-rock well. If an efficient high-temperature drilling fluid can be formulated, it will do more with less in developing hot-dry-rock energy. In laboratory experiment, regular performance test and hot-rolling aging test were performed on more than 30 additives. The component and concentration of a drilling fluid for hot-dry-rock well drilling were designed and screened through variable control and orthogonal test methods. As a result, a high temperature drilling fluid for hot-dry-rock well drilling was developed. Laboratory experiment shows that this drilling fluid has good stability at temperatures as high as 240 °C. Polymers used in this drilling fluid form a stable network structure which is not easy to be destroyed by high temperature. The mud cakes formed by the drilling fluid is thin and tough, and is able to protect the borehole wall from being eroded. Some white non-polluting materials free of sulfonated and oil-based ingredients were also used in formulating the drilling fluid, they are environmentally friendly and pose very little pollution to the environment.
- Hot-dry-rock /
- High temperature resistant drilling fluid /
- Environment protection

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图 1 花岗岩地层钻屑

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图 2 干热岩地层及开发示意图

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图 3 3种处理剂200 ℃热滚16 h后的泥饼图

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图 4 3种处理剂200 ℃热滚16 h后的浆液

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图 5 BBJ-4热滚前(左)与热滚后(右)浆液对比

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图 6 4种处理剂组合性能

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图 7 正交实验各项性能极差R的分布

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图 8 泥饼的质量

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图 9 5种膨润土动塑比随膨润土含量增加的变化

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图 10 黄色钠土（左）与黄色凹凸棒土（右）均有明显絮状沉淀

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图 11 不同温度热滚16 h后钻井液滤失量与动切值变化

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表 1 20种降滤失剂在200 ℃热滚16 h前后的性能变化

名称	实验条件	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	Gel/（Pa/ Pa）	FL/mL	pH	热滚后状态
M1H	热滚前	13.0	5.5	0.7/2.0	5.0	12	有刺激性气味，泡沫多
M1H	热滚后	52.0	46.0	5.0/5.5	＞50.0	7	有刺激性气味，泡沫多
TH	热滚前	2.5	0	0/0	9.6	12	泥饼黏稠，浆液稀
TH	热滚后	4.0	2.5	0/0	＞30.0	10	泥饼黏稠，浆液稀
SDX	热滚前	9.0	3.0	0.5/1.0	6.6	12	黏度低，泥饼较好、光滑有韧性
SDX	热滚后	9.0	1.5	0/0	16.4	9	黏度低，泥饼较好、光滑有韧性
JHDF	热滚前	14.0	8.0	0.2/2.0	5.4	12	有刺激性气味，泡沫多
JHDF	热滚后	3.0	5.0	1.5/2.0	＞70.0	5	有刺激性气味，泡沫多
80-ZN	热滚前	10.0	5.0	1.0/1.5	9.5	12	泥饼质量较好，浆液黏度太低
80-ZN	热滚后	8.0	1.0	0/0	14.8	9	泥饼质量较好，浆液黏度太低
NY-1	热滚前	22.0	4.5	0/0.2	7.0	12	泡沫多，泥饼粗糙、厚
NY-1	热滚后	3.0	1.0	0/0.2	＞50.0	8	泡沫多，泥饼粗糙、厚
聚丙JL-2	热滚前	9.0	6.0	0.5/1.5	21.0	12	泡沫较多，泥饼稀松不紧密
聚丙JL-2	热滚后	26.0	20.0	2.0/4.5	＞70.0	10	泡沫较多，泥饼稀松不紧密
三元滤失A	热滚前	10.0	3.0	0/0.5	6.4	12	泡沫多，泥饼光滑紧密，较厚
三元滤失A	热滚后	3.0	0.5	0/0.5	＞60.0	8	泡沫多，泥饼光滑紧密，较厚
三元滤失B	热滚前	3.0	0	0/0.5	9.6	12	泡沫很多，泥饼粗糙
三元滤失B	热滚后	21.0	7.0	1.0/7.0	40.0	9	泡沫很多，泥饼粗糙
二元滤失A	热滚前	3.0	0.5	0/0	9.4	12	泡沫多，泥饼光滑紧密
二元滤失A	热滚后	19.0	8.5	1.5/8.0	42.0	9	泡沫多，泥饼光滑紧密
二元滤失B	热滚前	3.0	0	0/0.5	9.6	12	泡沫多，泥饼粗糙
二元滤失B	热滚后	21.0	7.0	1.0/7.0	40.0	9	泡沫多，泥饼粗糙
RJ-1	热滚前	31.0	21.0	2.0/6.0	20.0	12	泡沫多，泥饼光滑、薄、韧性低
RJ-1	热滚后	3.0	−0.5	0/0	＞60.0	7	泡沫多，泥饼光滑、薄、韧性低
RJ-2	热滚前	11.0	2.5	0/1.0	20.0	12	泡沫多
RJ-2	热滚后	19.0	11.5	2.0/4.5	＞60.0	7	泡沫多
RS	热滚前	14.0	4.5	1.5/2.5	8.0	12	泥饼质量较好
RS	热滚后	14.0	8.0	1.25/2.5	14.0	10	泥饼质量较好
聚丙HY	热滚前	4.0	1.0	0/0	20.0	12	泡沫较多，泥饼质量好
聚丙HY	热滚后	2.0	0	0/0	28.0	9	泡沫较多，泥饼质量好
磺化沥青粉	热滚前	2.0	1.0	0/0.2	27.0	12
磺化沥青粉	热滚后	3.0	−0.5	0/0.5	＞60.0	8
磺化酚醛树脂	热滚前	2.0	1.0	0/0.2	16.8	12	5 min滤失量＞100
磺化酚醛树脂	热滚后	19.0	11.5	2.0/5.0	＞100.0	7	5 min滤失量＞100
褐煤树脂	热滚前	18.0	7.0	0.5/5.5	24.0	12	泡沫多
褐煤树脂	热滚后	9.0	1.5	0/1.2	＞70.0	9	泡沫多
腐植酸钾	热滚前	4.0	0.5	0/0.5	17.0	12	泡沫多
腐植酸钾	热滚后	14.0	8.0	1.0/5.5	＞60.0	9	泡沫多
CZ-JL	热滚前	14.0	4.0	0.5/2.5	8.8	12
CZ-JL	热滚后	1.0	0	0/0	＞100.0	8

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表 2 10种增黏剂在200 ℃热滚16 h前后的性能

增黏剂	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/ Pa
80A-51	热滚前	20.0	15	5.0	1.2/2.5
80A-51	热滚后	5.0	5	1.0	0/0.2
ZDJ-3	热滚前	6.0	3	3.0	1.0/1.5
ZDJ-3	热滚后	1.0	1	0	0/0
BBJ-4	热滚前	16.5	12	4.5	0.7/1.0
BBJ-4	热滚后	13.0	9	4.0	0.5/1.5
CMC-HV-H1	热滚前	62.5	32	30.5	3.6/11.0
CMC-HV-H1	热滚后	2.0	1	1.0	0/0.2
SJ-LV	热滚前	12.0	11	1.0	0/0.5
SJ-LV	热滚后	3.0	2	1.0	0/0
SJ-20	热滚前	52.0	25	27.0	4.5/6.5
SJ-20	热滚后	3.0	3	0.5	0/0
PAC-HV-2	热滚前	15.5	14	1.5	0/0
PAC-HV-2	热滚后	2.5	1	1.5	0/0.5
PAC-HV-3	热滚前	10.0	9	1.0	0/0
PAC-HV-3	热滚后	1.5	2	−0.5	0/0
黄原胶	热滚前	22.5	10	12.5	5.5/7.5
黄原胶	热滚后	1.0	1	0	0/0
SL-2	热滚前	8.0	6	2.0	0/0.5
SL-2	热滚后	6.0	5	1.0	0/0

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表 3 正交实验配方

配方	RS/%	BBJ-4/%	80-ZN/%	SDX/%
1^#	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4
2^#	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
3^#	0.4	1.0	0.7	0.6
4^#	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.6
5^#	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.4
6^#	0.6	1.0	0.2	0.5
7^#	0.8	0.3	0.7	0.5
8^#	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.6
9^#	0.8	1.0	0.5	0.4

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表 4 正交实验配方结果（200 ℃热滚16 h后的性能）

配方	pH	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL/ mL
1^#	10	25.0	15	10.0	14.2
2^#	10	28.0	14	14.0	13.2
3^#	9	32.5	16	16.5	10.8
4^#	9	26.5	15	11.5	10.8
5^#	9	30.0	15	15.0	10.8
6^#	9	33.0	16	17.0	9.6
7^#	10	33.5	19	14.5	9.2
8^#	10	31.5	18	13.5	10.0
9^#	9	36.5	18	18.5	9.8

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表 5 膨润土比例优选(总土含量为3%)

白色钠土∶国标钠土	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL/ mL
3∶1	24.5	18	6.5	0.5/0.5	12.8
2∶1	29.5	19	10.5	1.2/1.5	12.8
1∶1	3.0	20	11.0	1.0/1.2	12.4
1∶2	30.0	19	11.0	1.0/1.5	11.8
1∶3	26.0	17	9.0	0.7/1.0	12.2

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表 6 膨润土含量优选（在200 ℃热滚16 h）

膨润土/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL/ mL
2	18.0	15.0	3.0	0/0	18.4
3	24.5	18.0	6.5	0.5/0.5	12.8
4	47.0	31.0	16.0	2.0/2.0	8.4
5	57.5	35.0	22.5	2.0/2.0	8.0
6	79.0	52.0	27.0	2.0/2.0	7.0

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表 7 不同密度钻井液在240 ℃热滚不同时间后的性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_热滚/ h	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
1.03	0	37.5	30	7.5		14.0
	16	26.5	16	10.5	10.6
	24	26.0	15	11.0	10.6
	48	24.5	16	8.5	10.8
	72	24.5	19	5.5	11.0
1.15	0	37.5	27	10.5		13.5
	16	28.0	16	12.0	10.0
	24	27.0	14	13.0	10.0
	48	25.0	12	13.0	10.2
	72	25.0	13	12.0	10.2
1.30	0	52.5	21	31.5		13.0
	16	25.0	20	5.0	9.8
	24	25.5	19	6.5	9.8
	48	24.0	18	6.0	9.8
	72	23.5	17	6.5	10.0
1.40	0	66.0	38	28.0		13.0
	16	48.0	23	25.0	6.0
	24	28.0	18	10.0	6.8
	48	26.5	18	8.5	7.0
	72	26.0	17	9.0	7.4
1.50	0	66.5	43	23.5		13.2
	16	50.0	24	26.0	6.2
	24	90.0	40	50.0	18.0
	48	46.0	20	26.0	6.2
	72	40.0	21	19.0	6.5
注：FL_HTHP使用FANN38771型高温滤失仪，在160 ℃、30 min下测定

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表 8 干热岩抗高温环保水基钻井液的抗钻屑污染性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	钻屑/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
1.03	5	33.0	25	8.0	5.2	10.6
1.03	10	27.5	19	8.5	5.4	11.0
1.03	15	23.5	17	6.5	5.6	11.5
1.40	5	48.5	25	23.5	4.6	9.8
1.40	10	45.0	23	22.0	4.8	10.0
1.40	15	43.5	27	16.5	5.0	9.6
注：FL_HTHP在160 ℃、30 min下测定

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表 9 干热岩抗高温环保水基钻井液热滚前后的润滑性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	摩阻系数
ρ/ g·cm⁻³	热滚前	热滚后
1.03	2.023	2.044
1.15	2.027	2.058
1.30	2.030	2.062
1.40	2.035	2.066

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