Study and Application of Additives for Synthetic Fluids with GTL as the Base Fluid
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摘要: 为提升气制油合成基钻井液高温流变稳定性和降滤失性能，研制了在气制油中具有良好凝胶性能的有机土和天然腐植酸改性的环保型降滤失剂，并使用前期研制的主辅乳化剂，形成了气制油合成基钻井液体系。性能评价结果表明：利用双十六烷基二甲基氯化铵和具有功能化极性基团的高分子对提纯钠基膨润土进行复合插层制得了有机土DR-GEL，该有机土在气制油中凝胶性强（胶体率达98%）、黏度、切力大（切力达3 Pa），高温性能稳定、抗温达220℃。利用二乙烯三胺和双十六烷基二甲基氯化铵对提纯黑腐植酸进行有机化改性反应制得了降滤失剂DR-FLCA，该降滤失剂具有高温高压滤失量低、辅助乳化和改善流变性等性能，抗温达230℃。利用研制的处理剂配制的密度为1.6～2.3 g/cm3的气制油合成基钻井液体系，在温度120～200℃范围内流变性好（表观黏度27～61 mPa·s，动切力6～9 Pa），电稳定性强（破乳电压在800 V以上），高温高压滤失量小于2.5 mL。该套气制油合成基钻井液体系，在印尼苏门答腊岛JABUNG区块NEBBasement-1井成功地进行了应用，在高温（井底温度大于180℃）下40 d的使用过程中性能一直稳定，较好地解决了大斜度定向井钻井液悬浮性与携屑能力差等难题。Abstract: To improve the high temperature rheology and filtration property of the synthetic base drilling fluid using gas-to-liquid (GTL) oil as the base fluid, an organophilic clay having superior gel properties and an environmentally friendly filter loss reducer made from natural humic acid, have been developed. A GTL base drilling fluid was formulated with the organophilic clay, the modified humic acid, a primary emulsifier and secondary emulsifier previously developed. The organophilic clay, DR-GEL, was made by intercalating dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride into the crystal layers of a purified sodium montmorillonite, and had good gel performance in GTL (percentage of colloid particles to 98%), high viscosity and gel strength (3 Pa), and good high temperature stability (it functioned at 220℃)in laboratory experiments. The filter loss reducer, DR-FCLA, was made by modification of purified humic acid with dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and diethylene triamine. DR-FCLA greatly reduced the HTHP filter loss, helped make the drilling fluid emulsified better and improved the rheology of drilling fluid. It functioned at high temperatures up to 230℃. The synthetic drilling fluid made with these additives had densities ranging in 1.6-2.3 g/cm3, good rheology (AV=27-61 mPa·s, YP=6-9 Pa) at temperatures ranging in 120-200℃, high electrical stability (ES>800 V), and HTHP filter loss <2.5 mL. This synthetic drilling fluid has been successfully used in Sumatra, Indonesia to drill the well NEB Basement-1 in Block Jabung. The properties of the drilling fluid remained stable for 40 days at bottom hole temperatures higher than 180℃. Difficulties in maintaining the suspension and cuttings carrying capacity of drilling fluid have been solved since then.
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