Development and Characteristics of a High Temperature Environmentally Friendly Nanocellulose Filter Loss Reducer
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摘要: 纤维素等天然高分子改性材料已大规模应用于钻井液中,但常规改性方法对其抗温性能进一步提升空间有限,抗温普遍低于150℃。借鉴纳米纤维素尺寸小、比表面积大、刚度强、表面活性强等优异特性,采用硫酸水解精制棉的方法制备了一种纳米纤维素晶体,进而采用氯乙酸对纳米纤维素表面功能化改性,制备了一种纳米纤维素降滤失剂CNCFL-1。采用取代度测试、红外光谱分析、透射电镜扫描对产物进行了表征。通过粒度及Zeta电位、流变性、抗温降滤失性、环保性测试,评价了其综合性能,探讨了其作用机理。结果表明,CNCFL-1表面富含羟基、羧基、磺酸基等极性集团,取代度高1.25,pH值在3~13内,Zeta电位绝对值均大于30 mV,分散稳定性好,粒径在50~80 nm左右,EC50值为31 600 mg/L,无毒,环保性能好。CNCFL-1可通过吸附、增黏、微纳米致密封堵等作用发挥优异的抗高温降滤失性能,加量仅为1%时,即能使4%盐水基浆160℃热滚16 h后的滤失量降低66.92%,性能优于聚阴离子纤维素PAC-LV和羧甲基纤维素钠CMC-LV。Abstract: Although modified natural polymers such as celluloses have found wide application in drilling fluids, celluloses modified with conventional methods have only limited room for further improvement of their temperature resistance, hence, modified celluloses presently in use can only be used at temperatures below 150 ℃. Borrowing from nano cellulose's excellent characteristics, such as small size, large specific surface area, strong rigidity and high surface activity, a nano cellulose crystalline was developed by hydrolysis of refined cotton with sulfuric acid, and the nano cellulose was in turn made into a nano cellulose filter loss reducer CNCFL-1 through surface functional modification with chloroacetic acid. CNCFL-1 was characterized with degree of substitution measurement, IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The comprehensive performance of CNCFL-1 was evaluated measuring its particle size, Zeta potential, rheology, temperature resistance, filtration control capacity and environmental friendliness. The working mechanism of CNCFL-1 was investigated. It was found that the molecules of CNCFL-1 are rich in polar groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonic acid groups, and have degree of substitution of 1.25. The Zeta potential of CNCFL-1 is greater than 30 mV at pH range of 3-13, thus having good dispersion stability. The particle sizes of CNCFL-1 are 50-80 nm. The EC50 value of CNCFL-1 is 31,600 mg/L, and is nontoxic and environmentally friendly. CNCFL-1 performs excellently in controlling high temperature filtration rate through adsorption, viscosifying and tight plugging with its nano sizes. At a concentration of only 1%, the filtration rate of a 4% brine mud can be reduced by 66.92% after hot rolling the mud for 16 h at 160 ℃. Apparently the performance of CNCFL-1 is better than that of PAC-LV and CMC-LV.
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Key words:
- Nanocellulose /
- Surface modification /
- Filter loss reducer /
- Drilling fluid
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